ABSTRACT
Introduction: since the introduction of the anti-HBV vaccine into the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 2005 in Cameroon, vaccination coverage has reached 99.0%. This coverage would indicate an increase the number of children immune to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and a decrease in susceptibility to HBV-infection. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the HBV vaccine on pediatric HBV-infection in Yaounde, Cameroon. Methods: this school based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2016 among 180 children from Nkomo public school. The study population was stratified into two groups: vaccinated (n=95) versus (vs) unvaccinated (n=85). Screening for HBV biomarkers was done using a rapid panel test for detection (HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBc) and anti-HBs titer using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses were done using SPSS v. 22 with p ≥0.05 considered significant. Results: the mean age was 9.65 years. HBsAg (p=0.019) and anti-HBc (p=0.001) rates were detected in children aged ≥10 years and children aged < 10 years (95.95% [71/74]) were vaccinated vs 22.64% (24/106) for those aged ≥10 years (OR: 80.86; 95% CI: 23.36%-279.87%, p < 0.0001). According to anti-HBV vaccination status, HBsAg rate varied from [9.41% (8/85) to 1.05% (1/95), p=0.025], HBeAg rate varied from [2.35% (2/85) to 0% (0/95), p= 0.42] and anti-HBc rate ranged from [12.94% (11/85) to 2.10% (2/95), p= 0.011]. Conclusion: despite the variability of the anti-HBs titer, vaccination against HBV has a positive effect on the reduction of HBV infection in children in tropical settings such as Cameroon.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis B e AntigensABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES. Little data is available on the prevalence of HIV; Hepatitis B and C; Co-and or triple infection during pregnancy in Cameroon as well as many other resource limited settings. HIV and Hepatitis B and C are major public health concerns world wide. Our study aimed at assessing the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C amongst HIV infected pregnant women in Buea; located in the Southwest region of Cameroon. METHODS. A cross-sectional study of consented pregnant women were conducted from March 2015 to August 2015. HIV-1 infections were detected using the national HIV-1 test algorithms. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg); anti-HBe and anti- Hepatitis C (anti-HCV) were detected using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs). RESULTS. Our study group had an HIV prevalence rate of 7.8% (N = 97 / 1230). Of the HIV-1 positive group; 14 women (17.5%; N = 97) were co-infected with HBV and 11 (11.3%; N = 97) were co-infected with HCV. 8 (8.2%; N = 97) were triple infected with HIV; HBV and HCV. Anti-HBe was detected in all 14 HBV-infected pregnant women (100% N= 14) (14/14;(95%CI: 65.8; 100%). CONCLUSION. Co- and triple infections of HIV;Hepatitis B and C were present amongst pregnant women in Buea. Epidemiological data generated from this study are limited due to the existence of triple infected. It will nevertheless serve as a guide to the government policies to reinforce screening; treatment and prevention strategies; through its Mother-to-Child-transmission (pMTCT) Programme nationwi
Subject(s)
Coinfection , Pregnant WomenABSTRACT
Objectifs: Les pratiques pre-analytiques conditionnent la reussite des autres phases du systeme d'assurance qualite par l'obtention de l'echantillon dont l'analyse fournira l'information demandee par le prescripteur. Notre etude avait pour but d'evaluer les pratiques pre-analytiques dans les laboratoires d'analyses medicales de la ville de Yaounde.Methodologie : Une etude transversale descriptive a ete menee aupres des laboratoires d'analyses medicales de la ville de Yaounde. Le questionnaire confectionne a cet effet; a ete rempli par l'enqueteur a travers l'interview avec le responsable du laboratoire enquete et les observations journalieres du deroulement de la phase pre-analytique dans ce dernier. Les reponses aux questions; avec leurs cotations; ont permis de determiner les pratiques pre-analytiques avec leur score d'evaluation . Resultats : Nous avons enquete dans 8 laboratoires d'analyses medicales dont 6 dans le secteur public et 2 dans le secteur prive. Nous avons observe une insuffisance d'informations sur les prescriptions d'analyses; un defaut d'individualisation entre les salles d'accueil et de prelevement majoritairement dans le secteur public ; une absence du manuel de prelevement dans la quasi-totalite de ces laboratoires ; un materiel de transport des echantillons n'assurant pas leur integrite et la securite du personnel implique ; une absence de procedure de reception des echantillons. Les scores d'evaluation obtenus etaient inferieurs a 40 pour le secteur prive
Subject(s)
Clinical Laboratory Techniques , LaboratoriesABSTRACT
Respiratory tract infections are a real public health problem; and the few studies of African data make difficult the definition of a probabilistic rational therapeutic approach. The present study from May 2006 to June 2007 included 107 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and 94 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes. A single isolate was collected by topic; and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) has been made by the E test method; 201 strains from 115 adults and 86 children were included in the study. From 107 strains of S. pneumoniae; 24 were from children; and from 94 strains of S. pyogenes; 62 came from child. From antibiotics susceptibility of S. pyogenes; 100% were sensitive to penicillin G; with MIC between 0.064 and 0.128; 20 were resistant to erythromycin; and 100% were sensitive to levofloxacin; chloramphenicol; amoxicillin; cefotaxime; and ceftriaxone. From S. pneumoniae; 95.3% were sensitive to penicillin G and 4.7% were intermediate; 19.3% were resistant to erythromycin; 100% were sensitive to levofloxacin; cefotaxime amoxicillin; and ceftriaxone